The lava gull (Leucophaeus fuliginosus) is an endemic species of the Galápagos Islands and is considered the rarest gull in the world, with an estimated population of between 300 and 600 individuals. Its limited distribution and exposure to threats such as pollution and introduced species make its conservation a priority.
However, until now, no complete genetic information was available to better understand its population status and long-term challenges. This research aimed, for the first time, to obtain the species’ complete genome, providing a key tool to strengthen evolutionary studies and science-based conservation strategies.
A blood sample was collected from an adult female in the Galápagos, and sequencing was carried out using portable Oxford Nanopore technology within the archipelago. This methodology made it possible to analyze long DNA sequences and reconstruct the genome at the chromosomal level, including the sex chromosomes.
The team conducted assembly, validation, and comparison processes with other gull species available in international databases. The result was a high-quality and highly complete genome, comparable to—and even surpassing—that of other related species.
This study represents a significant advancement for science and conservation in the Galápagos. Having the first reference genome for the lava gull will allow researchers to assess its genetic diversity, better understand its evolutionary history, and support informed management decisions. Furthermore, it demonstrates that high-level genomic research can be conducted directly in island territories, strengthening local scientific capacity and opening new opportunities to protect the archipelago’s species.
Read the article here: https://academic.oup.com/g3journal/advance-article/doi/10.1093/g3journal/jkaf259/8384450
